DIGITAL CERTIFICATES FOR VACCINATION, TEST AND RECOVERY

This page contains resources on the topic of digital certificates in relation to vaccination, test and recovery in the COVID-19 context (last update 24 March 2021). The resources on this page have been put together by Olga Gkotsopoulou (Law, Science, Technology and Society Research Group), Danaja Fabcic Povse (Law, Science, Technology and Society Research Group) and Daniela Galatova (Pan-European University of Bratislava).

If you have suggestions for content or questions, please contact Danaja Fabcic Povse.

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• Dzurakova, Daniela, Gkotsopoulou, Olga, 'Data Protection Law and the EU Digital COVID Certificate Framework' (January 2022), in: Data Protection and Privacy: Enforcing Rights in a Changing World

  Dara Hallinan, Ronald Leenes and Paul De Hert (eds): click here.

• Shmueli, Liora, ‘The Role of Incentives in Deciding to Receive the Available COVID-19 Vaccine in Israel’ (January 2022) Vaccines Journal: click here.
• Comb, Matthew, ‘Many Vaccine Passports Have Security Flaws – Here’s How to Make Them Safer’ (The Conversation, 1 December 2021): click here.
• Stefanizzi, Pasquale and others, ‘Vaccination Strategies between Compulsion and Incentives. The Italian Green Pass Experience’ (December 2021) Expert Review of Vaccines: click here.
• Fox-Muraton, Mélissa, 'France’s Covid health pass raises serious ethical questions' (July 28 2021): click here.
• Wilford, Sara Helen, et al. 'The Digital Network of Networks: Regulatory Risk and Policy Challenges of Vaccine Passports' (12 July 2021): click here.
• Ganty, Sarah, ‘The Veil of the COVID-19 Vaccination Certificates: Ignorance of Poverty, Injustice Towards the Poor’ (July 2021) European Journal of Risk Regulation: click here.
• Gstrein, Oskar Jozef, ‘The EU Digital COVID Certificate: A Preliminary Data Protection Impact Assessment’ (European Journal of Risk Regulation 2021): click here.
• Ada Lovelace Institute, ‘International Monitor: Vaccine Passports and COVID Status Apps’: click here (regularly updated observatory).
• Gkotsopoulou, Olga and Daniela Galatova, 'The EU Digital Green Certificate proposed framework: how does it interact with data protection law?', EULawLive (24 March 2021): click here.
• Bacchi, Umberto,  ‘Coronavirus Vaccine Passports: What You Need to Know’, Thomson Reuters Foundation News (9 March 2021): click here.
• McMahon, Shannon, ‘Everything Travelers Need to Know about Vaccine Passports’, Washington Post (3 March 2021): click here.
• Fischer, Max, ‘Vaccine Passports, Covid’s next political flash point, The New York Times (2 March 2021): click here.
• Child, David, ‘“A Can of Worms”: Experts Weigh in on the Vaccine Passport Debate’, AlJazeera (14 March 2021): click here. 
• Makszimov, Vlagyiszlav, ‘No Trace: Hungary Deletes Vaccine Origin from Jab Certificate’, Euractiv (1 March 2021): click here.
• Ada Lovelace Institute, ‘What place should COVID-19 vaccine passports have in society?’ (17 February 2021): click here.  
• Zakrzewski, Cat, ‘Analysis | The Technology 202: Tech Giants Are Teaming up to Build Digital Vaccine Records’, Washington Post (15 January 2021): click here.
• Mishra, Manas, and Amruta Khandekar, ‘Tech and Health Giants Push for Digital COVID “Vaccine Passports”’, Thomson Reuters Foundation News (14 January 2021): click here.
• Ada Lovelace Institute, 'Vaccine passports and COVID status apps: launching an evidence review and expert deliberation' (12 January 2021): click here. 
• Parker, Imogen, and Elliot Jones, ‘Something to Declare? Surfacing Issues with Immunity Certificates’,  Ada Lovelace Institute (2 June 2020): click here.
• Persad G, Emanuel EJ, 'The Ethics of COVID-19 Immunity-Based Licenses (“Immunity Passports”)', JAMA (6 May 2020): click here.
• Phelan, Alexandra L‘COVID-19 Immunity Passports and Vaccination Certificates: Scientific, Equitable, and Legal Challenges’, The Lancet (May 2020): click here.
• Ada Lovelace Institute, ‘COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Review: Exit through the App Store?’ (20 April 2020): click here.
• Ní Loideain, Nóra, ‘COVID-19 and “Immunity Passports” – The Way Forward’, blogdroiteuropéen (8 October 2020): click here.
• de Miguel Beriain, Iñigo, 'Data Protection Issues related to Covid-19: Immunity passports', blogdroiteuropéen (27 June 2020): click here. 
• Hicks, Chris et al., 'Secure ABC: Secure AntiBody Certificates for COVID-19' (5 June 2020): click here. 
• Henry T Greely, COVID-19 immunity certificates: science, ethics, policy, and law, Journal of Law and the Biosciences (28 May 2020): click here.
• Kofler, Natalie and Baylis, Françoise, 'Ten reasons why immunity passports are a bad idea', Nature (21 May 2020): click here. 
• Renieris, Elizabeth M. et al., 'The Dangers of Blockchain-Enabled “Immunity Passports” for COVID-19 - A Legal, Public Health, and Technical Perspective', Medium - Bergman Klein Center (18 May 2020): click here. 
• 'COVID-19 Immunity Passports: Inevitable? Ethical? - A webinar summary and resources', PHEPREN Blog (4 May 2020): click here. 
• Baylis, Françoise, and Natalie Kofler, ‘COVID-19 Immunity Testing’, Issues in Science and Technology (29 April 2020): click here.
• Wilson, Kumanan, Katherine M. Atkinson, and Cameron P. Bell. ‘Travel Vaccines Enter the Digital Age: Creating a Virtual Immunization Record’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, no. 3 (2 March 2016): click here.

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